“It is not enough that we do our best; sometimes we must do what is required/necessary.” — Winston Churchill

“If the ladder is not leaning against the right wall, every step we take just gets us to the wrong place faster.” — Stephen R. Covey

“What you do is more important than how you do everything else, and doing something unimportant well does not make it important.” — Tim Ferriss ¹

“The most dangerous way to lose time is not to spend it having fun, but to spend it doing fake work.” — Paul Graham

(Rubin 2015)

“The biggest waste of time is to do well something that we need not do at all.” — Gretchen Rubin

“There is nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all.” — Peter F. Drucker

“We all want progress, but if you’re on the wrong road, progress means doing an about-turn and walking back to the right road; in that case, the man who turns back soonest is the most progressive.” — C.S. Lewis

“We like to view the world as linear, which is, I’m gonna put in 8 hours of work, I’m gonna get back 8 hours of output, right? It doesn’t work that way. Guy running the corner grocery store is working just as hard or harder than you and me. How much output is he getting? What you do, who you do it with, and how you do it, are way more important than how hard you work. Outputs are non-linear based on the quality of the work that you put in.” — Naval Ravikant

“It doesn’t matter how fast you move if it’s in a worthless direction. Picking the right thing to work on is the most important element of productivity and usually almost ignored. Productivity in the wrong direction isn’t worth anything at all. Think more about what to work on.” — Sam Altman

“It is much more important to work on the right thing than it is to work many hours. Most people waste most of their time on stuff that doesn’t matter.” — Sam Altman

What you do is infinitely more important than how (hard) you do it.

The most productive people are often not the busiest. They are the most selective. They protect their attention and energy fiercely, saying no to many good things so they can say yes to the few great ones.

Become a strategist

Strategy (策略) precedes tactics (戰略).

Strategy defines what you want to achieve and why, laying out your long-term direction. Tactics are the specific, short-term actions and tools used to execute that vision.

Efficiency vs Efficacy

= Being efficient vs Being effective

“The difference between efficiency and effectiveness is the difference between knowledge and wisdom.” — Dr. Russell L. Ackoff ²

• 「效率 (Efficiency)」是把事情做好 (Doing things right)，而「效能 (Effectiveness/Efficacy)」則是做對的事情 (Doing the right things) ³
• Most people try to be fast, but forget to check if they are doing the right thing. Trying to be efficient without caring about effectiveness is the default mode of the universe. Efficiency is still important, but only if you use it for the right things.
• 許多人習慣談論「效率」，卻很少使用「效能」這個詞，因此常常將兩者混淆。而所謂的「效率」，其實是建立在「效能」的前提/基礎上討論的 — 唯有確保做對的事情，提升效率才有意義。因此，在談效率時，是假設已經在做對的事情了。
• 在任何行動之前，我們應該先思考：「這件事是該做的嗎? 」（效能），然後再考慮如何把它做好（效率）。
• It’s important to balance quantity with the quality and value of your work.
• 生產力不是指做了多少事 (efficiency)，而是成就了多少事 (efficacy)。
• 知識工作不像生產線，能用「每小時生產多少零件」衡量，而是看工作成果的品質與影響力，強調「效能」，而非單純的「效率」。

Examples

• The best door-to-door salesperson is quick and good at selling, but would sell more by using email instead. Being fast is not enough if you use the wrong way.
• Someone who checks email 30 times a day and has fancy filter rules is busy, but not really getting much done. It felt efficient, but it was not effective.

Choosing What to Work On

選擇，比 努力 更重要 — 努力決定你能做得多好，選擇決定你能走多遠。

If velocity/direction is more important than speed, then the meta-skill becomes learning how to choose well. This requires:

• Clarity of purpose. Without a clear sense of what you ultimately want, every decision is arbitrary. The “why” governs the “what.”

  What you do matters, but why you do it matters much more.

• Regular reflection. Carving out time to step back — weekly reviews, quarterly check-ins — to reassess whether you are still pointed in the right direction.

• Comfort with saying no. Every yes to something unimportant is a no to something that matters.

• Bias toward leverage. Look for work where your effort produces disproportionate/asymmetric/exponential/non-linear return/impact ⁴. Not all hours are created equal; a single well-placed decision can be worth months of execution.

99% of effort is wasted